"Internet manufacturing" is an important issue in the transformation of all traditional manufacturing industries. Germany put forward the industrial 4.0, the United States then put forward the advanced manufacturing industry as a national strategy, and China put forward the "made in China 2025". All these show that if the manufacturing industry can not be Internet-based, there is no way out.

Recently, Haier was once again written into the case library by Harvard Business School, and was well received by Harvard teachers and students. In fact, this shows that Haier's exploration represents a direction, that is, all large enterprises in the world are looking for the road to the Internet transformation. Specifically, in terms of "Internet manufacturing", Haier's exploration is an interconnected factory, but it is not a factory transformation, especially it cannot be simply understood as "machine replacement", nor is it an intelligent factory, but to build an ecosystem, the entire enterprise The whole system and the whole process must be subverted.

Specifically, this subversion focuses on three aspects: the first is the subversion of enterprises, that is, the subversion of enterprises from traditional pyramid-type hierarchical organizations to platform organizations; the second is the subversion of the concept of customers, that is, from customers to users to meet the individual needs of users; the third is the subversion of employees, from the original employers and executors to entrepreneurs and partners. This subversion is summed up as Haier's three: "enterprise platform, user personalization, employee creation".

These changes are not whether the enterprise wants to change or not, but the Internet must change you. Because the traditional era is a unilateral market, as long as the product is made, someone will buy it, and the payment will end when the product is sold out. The Internet era is a bilateral market. What is needed is not for customers to pay for products, but for user traffic. This requires enterprises to break the traditional hierarchical system and become platform-based enterprises.

Therefore, enterprises adapting to the Internet era must do two things: decentralization and de-intermediation. Decentralization means that the leaders and superiors of the enterprise are not the center, but the user-centered; de-intermediation is to remove the "middle layer" and remove the departments that specialize in evaluating employees. After this change, there are only three types of people in Haier: platform owners, small and micro owners and creators. Platform owners are to provide platform resources for entrepreneurs, small and micro owners are entrepreneurial teams, and former employees should be transformed into creators.

When it comes to user personalization, we must first change an idea: customers and users are different. There is a saying in traditional times that "payment is the end of sales". The customer pays the enterprise and then has nothing to do with the enterprise. But in the Internet age, payment should be the beginning of sales. Users not only buy things, but also participate in front-end design. To do this, the factory must become a connected factory to meet the individual needs of users.

So the factory must first become a black light factory. Haier's four factories can now be turned into black light factories. There are no electric lights, no heating equipment, and no people in them. After the social personalized needs are met, what is needed is virtual design, coupled with intelligent manufacturing, at this time there is no need for manual import in the workshop.

Now that many users' personalized needs have come, the process of user-customized products from design to manufacturing and packaging can be sent to the user's mobile phone, and the user is completely "visualized". This is also the "transparent factory" that Haier is doing ". At present, the amount of personalized customization is not large. When 100,000 users put forward 100,000 demands, what we need to do is not to make 100,000 different products, but to use the interaction of the user circle to finally realize a more concentrated model, even a new product.

Germany's measure of industrial 4.0 is a "two-dimensional strategy": the horizontal axis is enterprise value, which is how much financial statements can be improved, and the vertical axis is the value of the whole value chain, which benefits from upstream to downstream. Haier's "two-dimensional strategy" of exploring interconnected factories is slightly different. The horizontal axis is also the enterprise value, but the vertical axis should be the value of user customization. In other words, the biggest feature of the connected factory is that it must bring greater user value, and only in this way can it bring greater value to the enterprise.

The current trend of global Internet development is like what philosophy calls the negation of affirmation, negation, negation of negation. The small industrial workshops at the beginning of the industrial revolution were self-produced and sold. Later turned into large-scale production, production and marketing separation. However, the Internet era has returned to self-production and self-sales, that is, after the user's demand comes, the factory can manufacture it immediately.

Some say the connected factory could disrupt e-commerce. But this is not the ultimate goal. The ultimate goal should actually be what American Jeremy Rifkin wrote in "Zero Marginal Cost Society": In the future, the development of the Internet will bring about a collaborative sharing economy. Everyone is a producer, such as a 3D printer, I am both a producer and a consumer. For example, I am both a producer and a consumer when I use solar energy to generate electricity at home and transmit electricity to the grid.

Economics tells us that without exchange there is no value. But in the later stages of the development of the Internet, this theory will be subverted. By that time, people will be looking for shared values.

Shandong Sunshine Aluminum Technology Co., Ltd